INPUTS

Information from the outside world that helped to understand the field.

1 De pleistocene hoogtekaart van Noord-Nederland laat zien hoe diep het pleistocene dekzand ligt ten opzichte van NAP. Gele sterren: de terpen en wierden van het Terpen-en Wierdenlandproject. 1: Wijnaldum; 2: Firdgum; 3: Hallum; 4: Ulrum; 5: Ezinge; 6: Warffum; 7: Godlinze. Basiskaart Pleistocene ondergrond P.C. Vos & S. de Vries, Deltares.

Het ontstaan van het terpen- en wierdenlandschap – Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/De-pleistocene-hoogtekaart-van-Noord-Nederland-laat-zien-hoe-diep-het-pleistocene-dekzand_fig1_329625124 [accessed 17 May, 2019]

Typical body deformations in earthworms exposed at subzero temperatures (the example of D. ghilarovi). For comparison, an intact worm is shown on the top.

Geographic range and cold hardiness of the earthworm Drawida ghilarovi (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae) – Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Typical-body-deformations-in-earthworms-exposed-at-subzero-temperatures-the-example-of_fig3_251351615 [accessed 17 May, 2019]

Different orders and life stages of springtails (Collembola) have developed a variety of periodic, hierarchical surface structures with hydrophobic properties. A-A″) Image of Entomobrya intermedia and SEM images showing hexagonal and triangular motifs in P. flavescens. B-B″) Image of Vertagopus arboreus, and SEM images showing irregular square and pentagonal motifs in I. viridus. C-C″) Image of Kalaphorura burmeisteri, and SEM images showing secondary granular structures and hexagonal motifs in S. quadrispina. D-D″) Image of D. ornata, and SEM images showing secondary granular structures and variable elliptical patterns in A. pygmaeus, Scale bars: A′-D′ = 2 µm, A″-D″ = 500 nm. Reproduced with permission. [666] Copyright 2012, Springer.

It’s Not a Bug, It’s a Feature: Functional Materials in Insects – Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Different-orders-and-life-stages-of-springtails-Collembola-have-developed-a-variety-of_fig6_323649911 [accessed 17 May, 2019]

The soil food web with various indicators of soil health overlaid (black boxes).

Soil biological health – what is it and how can we improve it? – Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-soil-food-web-with-various-indicators-of-soil-health-overlaid-black-boxes_fig1_316820459 [accessed 17 May, 2019]

Effects of earthworms on soils & plant growth (after 2 weeks); note that agrochemical trials use sterilized

Veni, Vidi, Vermi… I. On the contribution of Darwin’s ‘humble earthworm’ to soil health, pollution-free primary production, organic ‘waste’ management & atmospheric carbon capture for a safe and sustainable global climate – Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Effects-of-earthworms-on-soils-plant-growth-after-2-weeks-note-that-agrochemical_fig5_315896614 [accessed 17 May, 2019]

Schematic diagram representing the sources of microorganisms associated with the different plant compartments (spermosphere, rhizosphere and phyllosphere) and the continuum between them. Microorganisms in the spermosphere are recruited from flowers fruits and seeds (1) through internal, floral or external pathway and from soilborne communities (2) via trophic and signal communication; microorganisms in the rhizosphere are recruited from the spermosphere (3), and from soilborne communities via trophic and signal communication (4); microorganisms of the phyllosphere originate from the seed and rhizosphere (3, 5) but mostly from airborne communities upon their ability to adhesion to the plant surface and to resist to biotic and abiotic stresses (6). Flower scheme adapted from Maude, R.B. (1996). Seedborne diseases and their control: Principles and practice. Wallinford, Oxon, UK: CAB International.

Plant communication with associated microbiota in the spermosphere, rhizosphere and phyllosphere – Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Schematic-diagram-representing-the-sources-of-microorganisms-associated-with-the_fig1_320193434 [accessed 17 May, 2019]

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